• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:AT510297A4
    申请号:T0202810
    申请日:2010-12-07
    公开日:2012-03-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Perger Andreas Dr；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PATENT OFFICER DIPL.-ING. Dr.techn. WEISER '· ................. EUROPEAN PATENT AND TRADEMARK ΛΊTORNEY A 1130 VIENNA · KOPPGASSE7 03940
    Dr. Andreas PERGER A-1230 Vienna (AT)
    The present invention relates to a Porro prism of the second kind, comprising at least two interconnected reversing prisms, each presenting between an input and an exit surface two reflective inclined surfaces for the beam path, wherein the exit surface of one and the entrance surface of the other reversing prism form their connection surface.
    Porro prisms, named after their inventor Ignazio Porro, are classic reversers for binoculars, binoculars, etc. Fourfold beam redirection results in complete image inversion, i. both horizontally and vertically. In comparison to other reversing systems, for example Uppendahl, Schmidt-Pechan or Abbe-König prisms, Porro prisms are extremely low-loss due to the small number of reflections and can be produced cost-effectively by using in particular total reflecting bevels instead of mirror layers. A disadvantage of porro prisms, however, is their considerable beam offset between incoming and outgoing beam, resulting in a correspondingly bulky design, as reflected for example in the z-shaped appearance of the two halves of a classic binoculars.
    The invention has for its object to provide a Porro prism, which has a smaller beam offset in the beam through ΊΤ.1 (+43 1) 870 17 06 · E X: (1-43 1) 879 17 07 · Ι ΛΙΛΤ1 ,: ΜΛl ) 4 : Ρ. ΤΙίΚΓΚΝIvT · WKB: Vt'W.PATHNTR.Nlir FIRST BANK: 038 56704 BIX: 20Π1 1ΒΛΝ: All02011100003856704 · Bit: OlBAATWW · ΥΛΤ: AT U 53832900 occurs as a result of the known types. This object is achieved with a Porro prism of the aforementioned type, which is characterized in that the connecting surface is oblique to the optical axes of those portions of the beam path, which pass through the exposed input and output surfaces of the reverse prisms.
    Due to the oblique position of the connecting surface according to the invention, a continuous reduction or constriction of the beam cross section against the center of the prism is effected while maintaining the light inlet and outlet cross section at the outer inlet and outlet surfaces of the prism, which on the one hand causes the beam offset of the porro prism Reduced because the oppositely narrowed beam cross-sections come closer than in a conventional Porro prism, and on the other hand at the usual installation location of the prism in a telescope or binoculars between the lens and focus leads to any significant impairment, but only to a slight drop in brightness to the edge of the field ("Vignette orientation "). As a result, a small beam offset can be achieved without significant disadvantages.
    A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the inverted prisms are parallel-displaced along their connecting surface in the direction which the said optical axes approach each other. As a result, the beam offset when passing through the Porro prism - even with a slightly extended design - can be further reduced.
    According to further preferred embodiments of the invention, it is provided that the beam path section extending from one to the other reversing prism is oblique to said optical axes, and preferably the inclined surfaces of the reversing prisms are set so that the first two sections of the beam path on the one hand and the last two sections of the Beam path on the other hand each lie in mutually inclined planes. Hereby, the said optical axes can each be brought closer to each other, i. reduce the beam offset even further, at best even down to zero. To obtain an exact image rotation of twice 180 °, i. once vertically by 180 ° and once horizontally by 180 ° to obtain, are preferably both inclined surfaces of both reversing prisms in their inclination matched.
    Due to the inclination of the connecting surface of this passing through the central portion of the beam path usually no longer passes through it vertically. According to a further preferred feature of the invention, therefore, the connecting surface can also be used to emit a portion of light from the beam path and / or coupled into this by being designed partially reflective. Thus, for example, a measuring beam for a measuring device can be coupled out of the beam path or a display image of a display can be coupled into the beam path. If the coupling-in or coupling-out angle is selected appropriately, it can be ensured that the light beam coupled in or out at one of the faces of the inverted prisms lossless right angle exit.
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings shows:
    Figure 1 is a prior art porro prism of the prior art in front view (Figure la), plan view (Figure lb), side view (Figure lc) and perspective view (Figure Id);
    2 shows a first embodiment of a porro prism according to the invention in the end view (FIG. 2a), the plan view (FIG. 2b), the side view (FIG. 2c) and the perspective view (FIG. 2d);
    3 shows a second embodiment of a porro prism according to the invention in the end view (FIG. 3a), the plan view (FIG. 3b), the side view (FIG. 3c) and the perspective view (FIG. 3d); and
    Fig. 4 shows a third embodiment of a Porro prism of the invention in the end view (Fig. 4a), the plan view (Fig. 4b) and the side view (Fig. 4c).
    1 shows a porro prism 1 of the so-called "Porro type of the second type" in which the incident and outgoing beams of the Porro prism, more precisely the optical axes 2, 3 of the incoming and outgoing sections of the beam path, are parallel to each other and have a parallel offset D subject.
    A porro prism of the second kind, such as the Porro prism 1, can be constructed, for example, from two interconnected reversal prisms 4, 5, which each have two reflective oblique surfaces 6, 7 and 8, 9 between their input and output. Exit surfaces 10, 11 and 12, 13 are.
    The inclined surfaces 6-9 are preferably totally reflective, i. Due to the physical effect of total reflection at the boundary layer, they reflect prism material - air, but could also be provided with a separate mirror layer. As used herein, the term " reflective bevels " includes both variants, total reflection as well as mirror reflection.
    In each individual reversing prism 4, 5 of the Porro prism of Fig. 1, the inclined surfaces 6, 7 and 8, 9 are at an angle to each other so that the reflections take place in planes which are perpendicular to each other. The exit surface 11 of one reversing prism 4 abuts directly against the entrance surface 12 of the other reversing prism 5, e.g. is she with this transparent cemented or even made in one piece. The thus interconnected inlet and outlet surfaces 11, 12 thus form a connecting surface 14 between the reversing prisms 4, 5.
    As a result of the described arrangement, the beam path through the porro prism 1 assumes the course shown in FIGS. 1 a to 1 d, with two sections 15, 16 adjoining its inlet and outlet sections 2, 3, which in each reversing prism - 6 * * * * • · * ·
    Each of the inclined surfaces 6, 7 and 8, 9 extend between the inclined surfaces 6, 7 and 8, 9, respectively, and a center section 17 which passes through the connecting surface 14 from the inclined surface 6 of the one reversing prism 4 to the inclined surface 9 of the other Reversing prism 5 runs.
    Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a Porro prism 1 'according to the invention. The same reference numerals denote the same parts as in Fig. 1, and in the following, only the differences compared to the conventional Porro prism 1 of Fig. 1 will be discussed.
    The connecting surface 14 of the Porro prism 1 'is oblique to the. optical axes 2, 3 of the input and output beams arranged, i. those sections 2, 3 of the beam path 2-15-17-16-3 through the Porro prism 1 ', which pass through its exposed (not connected) inlet and outlet surfaces 10, 13. As a result, the offset D between the input and output axes 2, 3 can be reduced to a reduced offset D ', as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2b: the inlet and outlet cross sections A1 at the inlet and outlet surfaces 10, 13 remain opposite to FIG 1 unchanged, whereas the inclined surfaces 7, 8 and 6, 9 - seen in the direction of the beam path to the interior of the prism - are tapered in opposite directions trapezoidal to reduced cross sections Ä2. Although this results in a reduction of the available beam cross section or beam diameter, the further the light enters the Porro
    • * * 4 4 ♦ · · prism 1 'penetrates, but at that point in a conventional telescope, binoculars or the like, where such prisms are used as inverting systems, merely a so-called "vignetting", a slight decrease in brightness to Frame edge leads, leads.
    FIG. 3 shows a further development of the porro prism 1 'of FIG. 2 into a porro prism 1 " that results in an even smaller axial offset D " of the beam path 2-15-17-16-3 leads. Again, like reference numerals designate the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2, and only the differences from FIG. 2 will be discussed below.
    In the embodiment 1 "of Fig. 3, the two inverting prisms 4, 5 are parallelly displaced along their oblique connecting surface 14, in the direction of the arrows 18, 19, which, although the overall length of the Porro prism 1 " extended, but the beam offset D " between the input and output axes 2, 3 again reduced. To make the beam cross section in the center of the Porro prism 1 " Not to narrow unnecessarily, in addition, the inclined surfaces 6, 7 and 8, 9 of the reverse prisms 4, 5 are adjusted so that the reflections on the inclined surfaces 7, 8 no longer at an angle of 45 ° to the solder, but a larger angle of e.g. 50 ° to 60 ° to the solder. Thus, the beam path is deflected at the inclined surfaces 7, 8 by more than 90 °. The inclined surfaces 7, 8 are adapted so that the central portion 17 is no longer transverse to the input and output axes 2, 3 but obliquely to this, see Fig. 3b. The beam path sections 15, 16 in the reversing prisms 4, 5 are therefore no longer parallel to each other. However, they are in two parallel planes, which are spanned by the sections 2 and 15 on the one hand and 3 and 16 on the other hand.
    FIG. 4 shows yet another modification of the Porropris-mas of FIG. 3 in the form of a Porro prism 1 " ' with even reduced beam offset D '". Again, like reference numerals designate the same parts as in FIGS. 1 to 3, and only the differences from the Porro prism 1M of FIG. 3 will be discussed below.
    In the embodiment of Fig. 4, all four inclined surfaces 6-9 are adjusted so that the beam sections 15, 16 - viewed with their respective adjacent beam sections 2, 3 - are no longer in mutually parallel planes, see Fig. 4a in comparison to FIG 3a.
    The beam path 2-15-17-16-3 through the prism prism 1 is folded by inclining the inclined surfaces 6-9 so that the beam offset D '" between the input and output axes 2, 3 is minimal, ideally zero. There are only the critical angles of total reflection at the inclined surfaces 6-9 (if they reflect by total reflection) and the boundary condition to note that an exact two-fold image rotation by 180 °, i. once vertically by 180 ° and once horizontally by 180 °. 9 9 «* * * (· t t · * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • • • • • • • · · · ·. i · · * · ·· »* * · * ·· *
    In all those embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 4, in which the beam path center section 17 does not penetrate the connection surface 14 vertically, the connection surface 17 can be used for coupling and decoupling a light component from the beam path, see the exemplary input or outcoupling beam 20 in Fig. 3b. For this, the connection surface 17 - e.g. before the assembly of the two reversing prisms 4, 5 to the Porroprisma 1 ', 1 ", 1- be provided with a partially reflecting or semi-permeable coating. The Ein- or. The decoupling beam 20 can thus be reflected and the outer shape of the inverted prisms 4, 5 can be designed such that it penetrates vertically through one of the outer surfaces of the reversing prisms 4 and 5 in order to enter or leave the lens as lossless as possible. About the input or output beam 20, for example, a measuring beam for a meter off or a light beam of a display device (displays) are coupled.
    It will be understood that the illustrated prism shapes 1 ', 1 ", 1 " not necessarily composed of only two reversal prisms 4, 5 of the form shown, but also of other geometric bodies, as long as said reflective inclined surfaces 6 to 9 or beam path sections 2, 15, 17, 16, 3 are achieved. In a one-piece design or other segmentation of the porro prisms 1 ', 1 ", 1 " " Thus, instead of a physical cemented surface, the bonding surface 14 may have a merely virtual (imaginary) interface between two functional surfaces of two functional surfaces ·· + ** * * «4 i I > · # · * ·· * ·· *
    Reverse prisms 4, 5 be. As material for the reverse prisms 4 5 is any known optical material such as glass plastic, crystals, etc.
    The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment forms, but includes all variants and Modifika functions that fell within the scope of the attached claims len.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    «··· 11 • · · ♦ ·« • · · * * * * * * * * t i · < * 44 4 4 44 4 · ♦ ** ··· Claims: 1. Porro prism of the second kind, from at least two miteinan the associated reversal prisms, each present between an input and an exit surface two reflective Schrägtlachen for the beam path, wherein the exit surface of the one and the entrance surface of the other reversing prism form their connecting surface, characterized in that the connecting surface (14) is oblique to the optical axes (2, 3) of those portions of the beam path (2, 15, 17, 16, 3), the exposed Pass through inlet and outlet surfaces (10, 13) of the reversing prisms (4, 5).
    [2]
    2. porro prism according to claim 1, characterized in that the reversing prisms (4, 5) along its connecting surface (14) in the direction (18, 19) are parallel-displaced, which said optical axes (2, 3) approaches each other.
    [3]
    3. porro prism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the one of (4) to the other reversing prism (5) extending beam path portion (17) obliquely to said optical axes (2, 3).
    [4]
    4. porro prism according to claim 3, characterized in that the inclined surfaces (6 - 9) of the reverse prisms (4, 5) are set so that the first two sections (2, 15) of the beam path on the one hand and the last two sections (3, 16) of the beam path on the other hand each lie in mutually inclined planes. • 9 «9 9 · 9 9 ··· * * J * # ·· * · *** ♦ * ···
    [5]
    5. porro prism according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connecting surface (14) is partially reflecting designed to light a portion (20) from the beam path (2, 15, 17, 16, 3} - and / or to be coupled into these.
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    法律状态:
    2020-01-15| PC| Change of the owner|Owner name: ANDREAS PERGER, AT Effective date: 20191128 Owner name: LEICA CAMERA AG, DE Effective date: 20191128 |
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